Taught by Laura Gray. This course surveys Western art music from the turn of the 20th century to the present. Topics include late Romanticism and the crisis of tonality, Debussy’s impressionism, Stravinsky’s rhythmic innovations, Schoenberg’s path from expressionism to twelve-tone serialism, neoclassicism, nationalism and folk music influences, music under totalitarian regimes, the postwar avant-garde (Boulez, Cage, Stockhausen), minimalism, electronic music, and the co-existing diversity of styles that defines the modern era.